Credit Risk – Standardised Approach

The PRA has proposed several changes to the Standardised Approach for credit risk which could have a significant impact on the risk-weighted assets (RWAs) of UK CRR firms.

These changes have been designed to address over-reliance on external credit ratings, increase risk sensitivity and promote effective competition between SA and IRB firms. This includes additional exposure sub-classes; a grading mechanism for unrated corporates; due diligence requirements on the use of external credit ratings; removal of the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) support factor and reclassification of real estate exposure risk weights. While it is business model dependent, the proposed changes are likely to have a material impact for several small and large banks.

Overall, the changes in credit risk can be bucketed into two separate camps. Those that are likely to have a positive (lower) impact on bank capital requirements and changes which are expected to have a negative (higher) capital impact. We’ve set this out in a table below:

Basel 3.1 - Credit Risk - Standardised Approach - Graphic

There are two changes that appear to be most vexing for firms. The first is the removal of the SME Support Factor. This is likely to increase the cost of capital for lending into this market. The second is the reclassification of mortgages which will move some subclasses of mortgages from residential into commercial (higher) risk weights.

Reclassification of Retail and Commercial Mortgages

The PRA also proposes to clarify the definition of ‘regulatory real estate’. A change that has received less commentary than the removal of the SME supporting factor but appears likely to have a more material impact on risk weights across the entire industry.

Under the new rules, the regulatory real estate exposure risk weights will be determined based on the type of property, the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio and whether repayments are ‘materially dependent on the cash flows generated by the property’. The PRA has decided that houses in multiple occupation should be treated as materially dependent on the cash flows generated by the property. Buy to Let exposures to individuals with three or less mortgaged residential properties will receive a carve out.

The PRA has further clarified the definition of residential property, excluding care homes, purpose-built student accommodation and holiday lets, which would all be treated as commercial. These changes will result in upward revisions to the underlying risk weights associated with those categories of lending.

As part of all these proposals, the understanding is that the value of the property is fixed at the origination date. This has been done to reduce the risk of excessive cyclicality in property values. 

What banks should consider:

  • Revised expectations around data and judgements of data materiality are likely to result in firms having to refine their data collection processes to meet new standards. There are likely to be material impacts on disclosures due to the removal of the SME factor, the increased risk-sensitivity of weightings and the additional reporting templates affecting how data is presented to the regulator. Firms will need to ensure that collected data is accurate, consistent, and compliant across different systems and sources. In order to achieve this firms may need to seek external assurance.
  • Firms will need to perform a gap analysis to understand the implications of the changes in the underlying risk weight calculations and impact this will have on their Pillar 1 requirements.
  • This may be a time for banks to revisit their strategies and consider developing new SME products that are more capital efficient. For example, banks may consider focusing on facilities where obligors are incentivised to repay in full at scheduled periods and not carry a balance, such as charge cards. By incorporating these products in their portfolios, they would lower their cost of capital.
  • While significant focus has been on the removal of the SME support factor, there is a strong likelihood that alterations to the definition of Residential vs. Commercial mortgages will have a more material impact on capital requirements. Understanding this should receive priority when it is business model appropriate.
  • Given the increased granularity of the Standardised Approach, firms should assess their data and risk management capabilities to understand whether any changes will need to be made to optimise risk weight exposures under the new regime.

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